Differences between mitosis and meiosis
1. Mitosis
- the division of body cells for growth and repair (cells located in various places throughout the body)
- divides the cell once
- creates two identical diploid cells
- offspring are genetically identical to parent (cell)
- 4 steps involved in the nuclear division; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (excludes the interphase stage and the cytokinesis phase at the beginning and end of the nuclear division)
- BOTH involve the division of cells
2. Meiosis
- the division of sex cells to make gametes (cells exclusively located within sex organs)
- divides the cell twice
- creates 4 genetically different haploid cells
- offspring are genetically altered from their parent (cell) when crossing over occurs in metaphase I, causing the sets of DNA to be different in each cell
- 8 steps involved in nuclear division; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II (excluding interphase, interkinesis, and cytokinesis that occur at the beginning, middle, and end of meiosis)
Mitosis steps
interphase- the cell behaves like it's regular cell
end of interphase- DNA is doubled along with the organelles of the cell
prophase- mitosis begins, nuclear membrane begins to disappear and the two centrioles start to move north and south of the cell
metaphase- chromosomes line along the metaphase plate in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach themselves to the chromosomes
anaphase- spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart towards the poles of the cell
telophase- the cell pinches in the middle and the nuclear membrane begins reforming: the cell is now ready for cellular division
cytokinesis- cell division occurs and two identical diploid cells are formed
1. Mitosis
- the division of body cells for growth and repair (cells located in various places throughout the body)
- divides the cell once
- creates two identical diploid cells
- offspring are genetically identical to parent (cell)
- 4 steps involved in the nuclear division; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (excludes the interphase stage and the cytokinesis phase at the beginning and end of the nuclear division)
- BOTH involve the division of cells
2. Meiosis
- the division of sex cells to make gametes (cells exclusively located within sex organs)
- divides the cell twice
- creates 4 genetically different haploid cells
- offspring are genetically altered from their parent (cell) when crossing over occurs in metaphase I, causing the sets of DNA to be different in each cell
- 8 steps involved in nuclear division; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II (excluding interphase, interkinesis, and cytokinesis that occur at the beginning, middle, and end of meiosis)
Mitosis steps
interphase- the cell behaves like it's regular cell
end of interphase- DNA is doubled along with the organelles of the cell
prophase- mitosis begins, nuclear membrane begins to disappear and the two centrioles start to move north and south of the cell
metaphase- chromosomes line along the metaphase plate in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach themselves to the chromosomes
anaphase- spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart towards the poles of the cell
telophase- the cell pinches in the middle and the nuclear membrane begins reforming: the cell is now ready for cellular division
cytokinesis- cell division occurs and two identical diploid cells are formed
Meiosis steps
interphase- regular cell in the sex organ
end of interphase- DNA doubles
prophase I- nuclear membrane disappears, centrioles move north and south
metaphase I- chromosomes line up in homologous pairs, the ends of these chromosomes swap= *crossing over* (what makes these sex cells genetically different from each other)
anaphase I- spindle fibers move the pairs of chromosomes apart
telophase I- cell pinches in the middle and the nuclear membrane begins to reform; the cell is ready to divide
interkinesis- the cell divides for the first time
prophase II- the nuclear membrane begins to disappear once again, centrioles move to the polls, and the cell prepares for another division
metaphase II- chromosomes line up across the metaphase plate, this time not in homologous pairs
anaphase II- spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes and force them towards the poles
telophase II- the cell pinches again and the nuclear membrane begins to reform
cytokinesis male- 4 haploid cells are produced, each with different sets of DNA
cytokinesis female- 1 egg is produced with specific genetic information, 3 more are deemed "polar bodies"; never to be used (the egg was chosen from the 2 newly dividing cells in telophase I then the egg was chosen again out of two cells when the chosen cell for the egg with specific DNA was divided once again in telophase II. The polar bodies were formed from the other 3 cells that were not selected to be the egg)
interphase- regular cell in the sex organ
end of interphase- DNA doubles
prophase I- nuclear membrane disappears, centrioles move north and south
metaphase I- chromosomes line up in homologous pairs, the ends of these chromosomes swap= *crossing over* (what makes these sex cells genetically different from each other)
anaphase I- spindle fibers move the pairs of chromosomes apart
telophase I- cell pinches in the middle and the nuclear membrane begins to reform; the cell is ready to divide
interkinesis- the cell divides for the first time
prophase II- the nuclear membrane begins to disappear once again, centrioles move to the polls, and the cell prepares for another division
metaphase II- chromosomes line up across the metaphase plate, this time not in homologous pairs
anaphase II- spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes and force them towards the poles
telophase II- the cell pinches again and the nuclear membrane begins to reform
cytokinesis male- 4 haploid cells are produced, each with different sets of DNA
cytokinesis female- 1 egg is produced with specific genetic information, 3 more are deemed "polar bodies"; never to be used (the egg was chosen from the 2 newly dividing cells in telophase I then the egg was chosen again out of two cells when the chosen cell for the egg with specific DNA was divided once again in telophase II. The polar bodies were formed from the other 3 cells that were not selected to be the egg)