Characteristics of the four plant types
1. Bryophytes
- non-vascular
- dominant gametophyte stage
- dioecious (antheridium and archegonium are on separate plants)
- has an operculum
- seedless
- has rhizoids (not true roots)
- requires H20 for fertilization
- has a waxy cuticle
- heterosporous (has mega and micro spores, not all spores are the same)
-follows the alteration of generations life cycle for plants
- has an egg/sperm and a sporangium
- has a gametophyte and sporophyte stage
- undergoes fertilization
- autotrophic
-multicellular
1. Bryophytes
- non-vascular
- dominant gametophyte stage
- dioecious (antheridium and archegonium are on separate plants)
- has an operculum
- seedless
- has rhizoids (not true roots)
- requires H20 for fertilization
- has a waxy cuticle
- heterosporous (has mega and micro spores, not all spores are the same)
-follows the alteration of generations life cycle for plants
- has an egg/sperm and a sporangium
- has a gametophyte and sporophyte stage
- undergoes fertilization
- autotrophic
-multicellular
2. Pteridophytes
- vascular, has a xylem and phloem
- dominant sporophyte stage
- monoecious (antheridium and archegonium are on the same plant)
- weak gametophyte stage
- no true roots, these "roots" are called hyphae when in sporophyte stage, rhizoids when in gametophyte stage
- homosporous (no micro and mega spores; all the same)
- has fronds (fern leaves)
- seedless
- needs H20 for fertilization
- waxy cuticle
- conforms to the alteration of generations life cycle
- has an egg/sperm and a sporangium
- undergoes fertilization
- has a gametophyte and sporophyte stage
- autotrophic
- multicellular
- vascular, has a xylem and phloem
- dominant sporophyte stage
- monoecious (antheridium and archegonium are on the same plant)
- weak gametophyte stage
- no true roots, these "roots" are called hyphae when in sporophyte stage, rhizoids when in gametophyte stage
- homosporous (no micro and mega spores; all the same)
- has fronds (fern leaves)
- seedless
- needs H20 for fertilization
- waxy cuticle
- conforms to the alteration of generations life cycle
- has an egg/sperm and a sporangium
- undergoes fertilization
- has a gametophyte and sporophyte stage
- autotrophic
- multicellular
3. Gymnosperms
- vascular, has a xylem and phloem
- has seeds and true, water carrying roots
- requires wind for fertilization
- can live in dry, windy, and cold climates
- has pollen, cones, and needles
- dominant sporophyte stage
- monoecious
- heterosporous
- has a weaker gametophyte stage
- conforms to the alteration of generations plant life cycle
- has an egg/sperm and a sporangium
- undergoes fertilization
- has a gametophyte and sporophyte stage
- autotrophic
- multicellular
- vascular, has a xylem and phloem
- has seeds and true, water carrying roots
- requires wind for fertilization
- can live in dry, windy, and cold climates
- has pollen, cones, and needles
- dominant sporophyte stage
- monoecious
- heterosporous
- has a weaker gametophyte stage
- conforms to the alteration of generations plant life cycle
- has an egg/sperm and a sporangium
- undergoes fertilization
- has a gametophyte and sporophyte stage
- autotrophic
- multicellular
4. Angiosperms
- vascular
- monoecious
- has true roots
- has seeds that are encapsulated by fruit
- use vectors as pollinators and can also use wind
- has leaves, flowers, and fruit
- uses it's stem to turn leaves in the sun's direction
- has a sporophyte dominant stage
- alternation of generations life cycle
- heterosporous
- has a sperm/egg, ovaries, stigma, style, anthers, stomatas, filaments stems etc.
- undergoes fertilization
- has a gametophyte and a sporophyte stage
- autotrophic
- multicellular
- vascular
- monoecious
- has true roots
- has seeds that are encapsulated by fruit
- use vectors as pollinators and can also use wind
- has leaves, flowers, and fruit
- uses it's stem to turn leaves in the sun's direction
- has a sporophyte dominant stage
- alternation of generations life cycle
- heterosporous
- has a sperm/egg, ovaries, stigma, style, anthers, stomatas, filaments stems etc.
- undergoes fertilization
- has a gametophyte and a sporophyte stage
- autotrophic
- multicellular