The two types of cells
1. prokaryotic- simple no membrane bound cells with generic DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, placmids, and cell walls (primarily bacteria)
2. eukaryotic- A complex cell with a great variety of organelles
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
1. prokaryotic- simple no membrane bound cells with generic DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, placmids, and cell walls (primarily bacteria)
2. eukaryotic- A complex cell with a great variety of organelles
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
The organelles and their functions
Cell membrane- confines the cytoplasm and controls what leaves and enters the cell: made up of a phospholipid bi-layer.
Nucleus- houses neoplasm, DNA and nucleoli, makes ribosomes, and controls the cell.
RER- the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached. Processes proteins and sends them to the Golgi apparatus.
SER- the endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes attached, makes lipids and detoxifies the cell.
Ribosomes- the site of protein synthesis; found attached to the RER and floating in the cytoplasm.
Golgi body- receives and exports proteins through vesicles.
Vesicles- transports proteins around the cell; formed by the ER and the Golgi body.
Vacuoles- membrane bound sacs used for storage .
Central Vacuole- creates structure in a plant cell.
Mitochondria- converts chemical energy, glucose, into biological energy, ATP. (cellular energy)
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis, uses chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy, glucose, to then be sent to the mitochondria.
Flagella- moves cells; made of microtubles.
Cilia- moves things past cells; made of microtubles.
Centrioles- helps to organize spindle fibers during mitosis.
Cell wall- maintains the structure of a plant cell.
Peroxisomes- transfers hydrogen and helps to detoxify the cell.
Lysosomes- destroys unwanted substances and invaders. It can also destroy the entire cell if the cell is proven to be corrupted; sac of hydrolic enzymes.
Nucleolus- found within the nucleus, makes ribosomes.
Nucleoplasm- found within the nucleus; primarily the cytoplasm in the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton- gives the cell shape and structure, moves things within the cell; made of micro-filaments and intermediate filaments.
Four organelles exclusively found in either a plant cell, or an animal cell. "The four C's"
1. Central vacuole- plant cell only
2. Cell wall- plant cell only
3. Chloroplasts- plant cell only
4. Centrioles- animal cell only
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell membrane- confines the cytoplasm and controls what leaves and enters the cell: made up of a phospholipid bi-layer.
Nucleus- houses neoplasm, DNA and nucleoli, makes ribosomes, and controls the cell.
RER- the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached. Processes proteins and sends them to the Golgi apparatus.
SER- the endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes attached, makes lipids and detoxifies the cell.
Ribosomes- the site of protein synthesis; found attached to the RER and floating in the cytoplasm.
Golgi body- receives and exports proteins through vesicles.
Vesicles- transports proteins around the cell; formed by the ER and the Golgi body.
Vacuoles- membrane bound sacs used for storage .
Central Vacuole- creates structure in a plant cell.
Mitochondria- converts chemical energy, glucose, into biological energy, ATP. (cellular energy)
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis, uses chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy, glucose, to then be sent to the mitochondria.
Flagella- moves cells; made of microtubles.
Cilia- moves things past cells; made of microtubles.
Centrioles- helps to organize spindle fibers during mitosis.
Cell wall- maintains the structure of a plant cell.
Peroxisomes- transfers hydrogen and helps to detoxify the cell.
Lysosomes- destroys unwanted substances and invaders. It can also destroy the entire cell if the cell is proven to be corrupted; sac of hydrolic enzymes.
Nucleolus- found within the nucleus, makes ribosomes.
Nucleoplasm- found within the nucleus; primarily the cytoplasm in the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton- gives the cell shape and structure, moves things within the cell; made of micro-filaments and intermediate filaments.
Four organelles exclusively found in either a plant cell, or an animal cell. "The four C's"
1. Central vacuole- plant cell only
2. Cell wall- plant cell only
3. Chloroplasts- plant cell only
4. Centrioles- animal cell only
Plant Cell Animal Cell